Global Thionyl chloride
consumption market is segmented on the basis of product type, application, and
geography. Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with chemical formula
SOCl2. Thionyl chloride is a colorless to yellow fuming liquid with an
unpleasant bitter odor. It can also be miscible with benzene, carbon
tetrachloride, and chloroform. Its boiling point is 79ºC. It is used as a
chlorinating reagent with approx 45,000 tons per year; being created during the
early 1990s.
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Thionyl chloride has a
relative density of 1.676 and melting point of -104.5ºC. It is easily
decomposed into hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide. Thionyl chloride is
soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform. Thionyl chloride is
toxic and reacts violently with water to give sulfur dioxide and hydrochloric
acid, which are toxic and acidic respectively. This liquid is listed as a
schedule 3 compound and it may be used for the production of chemical weapons.
It is sometimes confused with SO2Cl2 (sulfuryl chloride) but the properties of
sulfuryl chloride compounds are different significantly.
Thionyl chloride is an
extremely useful compound in chemistry, but is very toxic and dangerous. It is
a source of chloride ions; whereas SO2Cl2 (sulfuryl chloride) is source of
chlorine. Thionyl chloride is stored in sealed bottles in a special cabinet. It
is away from any moisture and light.
Thionyl chloride is an important intermediary of organic chemistry. It
is also used in medicine, dyes, pesticides, and synthesis industry as a
chlorinating agent. Contribution of pesticide industry is a major part for use
of thionyl chloride and generally used for the production of inabenfide,
flucythrinate, diflubenzuron, valerate, fenvalerate, mosquito-killing dimerthrin,
isocarbophos, oxazolidinone, quizalofop, fenpropathrin, endosulfan,
deltamethrin, a (b) group chlorpyrifos, and warfarin.
Thionyl chloride is used for
the production of isocarbophos, indomethacin, vitamin A, sumicidin, propargite
tetramisole hydrochloride, and so on. It is also used as the chlorinating
agents for organic synthesis such as chlorination of alcoholic group,
chlorination of acid anhydride, chlorination of carboxylic acid, and the
chlorine displacement of organic sulfonic acid or carboxylic acid. It can also
be used for making acyl chloride and for the manufacture of pharmaceutical
intermediates such as tetramisole hydrochloride and synthomycin palmitate. It
could also be used as a dehydrating agent or solvent.
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